Page 538 - diccionario

536 536 TÉRMINOS DE NEGOCIOS
donación/ endowment: a donation made
to an institution, generally with a specific
purpose and in most cases, tax deductible.
Dow-Jones average/promedio Dow Jones:the
average price at close of 30 representative
industrial shares, 15 shares of public utilities
companies, 20 of transportation and the
average of the 65 shares calculated at the
end of a business day in the New York Stock
Exchange.
economía agrícola/ agricultural economics:
that part of the economy related to aspects
of production and placement in the market
of agricultural products.
economía keynesiana/ keynesian economics:
developed by the british economist
John Maynard Keynes, a system where
income depends of real investment and
consumption expenditures.
economía mixta/ mixed economy: an
economic system which combines the
characteristics of capitalism as well as
socialism.
economía/ economics: a social science
concerned with the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
economías de escala interna/ internal
economies of scale: factors provking
increases and decreases in the long term
average costs of an organization or in
the scale of operations, resulting from
adjustments in the size of the company as a
product unit.
economías de libre mercado/ free
economies: economies operating under
the laws of supply and demand, with prices
as the only regulatory mechanism, and
without a central authority to regulate or
allocate resources.
efectivo/cash: a global term associated with
any commercial transaction with cash
money.
eficiencia/ efficiency: the measurement of
production in relation to the assigned
resources.
elaboración de presupuestos/budgeting:
process which determines and assigns the
necessary funds to reach the objectives of
a firm.
embargo por pago de renta/distress for rent:
to take the personal property of a tenant as
payment for the rent of an asset.
embargo preventivo/ lien: a claim on the
property of another person as a guarantee
for the payment of the debt.
empleado/ employee: those working for a
salary offering their services to an employer.
empresario/ entrepreneur: someone who
takes the risk to start a business or a specific
enterprise.
endoso/ endorsement: the written signature
in the back of a value instrument, a sign of
support.
entidad jurídica/ legal entity: any person,
enterprise, company, association or any
other type of organization which has
the capacity before the law to take an
obligation and execute a contract or an
agreement, and therefore is responsible
before the law and can be sued for
damages if it fails to comply with such
agreements.
entorno laboral/ job environment: all
physical, psychological and social factors,
situations, occurrences or relations
surrounding and influencing a company
and its workers.
entrega/delivery: transfer of the possession of
a property from one person to another.
envío contra reembolso/cash on
delivery(COD): any purchase with the
expectation that the product shall be paid
at the time of delivery.
equidad/ equity: the law that applies to
protect fairness, justice and due process.
The participation in the property of a
company of the owners of stock.
equilibrio macroeconómico general/
general macroeconomic equilbrium: a
situation in which the aggregate demand
equals aggregate supply and the demand
for money equals its supply.
equipo economizador de mano de obra/
labor-saving equipment: any machine or
mechanized equipment which reduces the
need of labor in the operation to be carried
out.
espiral inflacionaria/ inflationary spiral: a
situation occurring in times of constant
price increases when employees demand
higher wages, which in turn raises costs
generating still higher prices among sellers
and manufacturers.
establecimiento/ establishment: the system
through which political power is ecercised,
maintained and extended.
estatutos de constitución/ articles of
incorporation: it is the document registered
before the appropriate government entity
by those forming a corporation, where
guidelines are established for the operation
of the corporation.
estatutos/by-laws: the accepted rules by
the members of the board of a firm for its
management.
estudio de factibilidad/ feasibility study:
investigation to determine what can
be accomplished with certain specific
resources and limitations.
exhibición/ exhibit: an exhibition, a public
sample.
fallo/ judgement: the final decision of a
tribunal on legal matters.
falsificación/ forgery: the alteration of an
instrument with fraudulent intentions.
fecha de caducidad/due date: the date in
which a debt instrument is to be paid.
fecha de cierre/closing date: in the
editorial business, the last day in which
advertisements are received to be
published.
fecha de vencimiento/ maturity date: the
date in which a financial obligation is due
and must be paid, or in which a contract or
an obligation expire.