Page 535 - diccionario

a country with other countries in a specific
period of time, usually a year.
banca de inversión/ investment banking:
the financing of capital investment needs
of a firm rather than working capital
requirements.
banco central/central bank: the bank which
controls the banking reserves of a country
and is the main credit reserve.
Banco Internacional para la Reconstrucción
y el Desarrollo (BIRD)/ International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD): or the World Bank, was created
in Breton Woods convention of 1944
and started operations in 1946. After the
reconstruction activities in Europe its main
efforts have been to facilitate long term
fifancing for the economic development of
its member countries.
bienes comerciales/commercial property:
property used for commercial purposes
in contrast to that used for residential,
agricultural or industrial purposes.
bienes de capital/capital goods: articles
treated as long term investment due to
their high value and long life expectancy.
bienes de consumo/consumer goods:
products bought and used by the final
consumer for personal or household
purposes.
bienes perecederos/ nondurable goods:
products with a relatively short useful life
(i.e. food, clothes).
bloqueo/blockade: to obstruct the commercial
exchange with a country or port.
Bolsa de Valores Estadounidense/ American
Stock Exchange: The second stock market
of the United States, also known as Little
Board, having started in a south street of
Manhattan.
bonificación/bonus: addional money payed
to employees as a supplement to their
regular salary.
bono al portaddor/bond bearer: bond
payable to the holder whose name is not
recorded in the books of the issuing entity.
bono/bond: credit certificate with interests.
cabildero/ lobbyist: a person or group of
persons trying to have influence in the
decisions of governmental institutions.
cámara de comercio/chamber of commerce:
organization of business executives to
promote the interests of its members.
canal de distribución/channel of distribution:
the route a product follows from the
manufacturer or original importer to the
final consumer.
capital de trabajo neto/ net working capital:
the amount of axisting assets exceeding the
present liabilities.
capital fijo/ fixed capital: capital invested,
generally by stock and obligations holders,
in contrast with current assets partially
provided by banks.
capital invertido/ invested capital: the
amount of capital provided to a company
by its owners.
capital social/capital stock: a specified amount
of stock a corporation is authorized to sell.
capitalismo/capitalism: economic system
based in the freedom to posess,
manufacture, exchange, work, and openly
compete.
carga/ load: a product or a group of products
in one container. A package of products
included in one loading unit.
cargo débito/debit: in accounting, any
amount in pesos or dollars that, when
registered increases the balance of an asset
or an expense account and decreases the
balance of a liability.
cargos diferidos/deferred charges: expenses
totally amortized trhoughout the
accounting period, usually a year.
cargos fijos/ fixed charges: business expenses
unrelated to the level of production.
carta de crédito/ letter of credit (L/C): an
instrument or document issued in the
TÉRMINOS DE NEGOCIOS
533 533
name of a buyer by a bank to another bank,
conferring to the purchaser the prestige
and financial back-up of the issuing bank.
cazador de cabezas/ headhunter: a person
or an agency engaged in the search for
managers and top executives for a client
organization.
certificado de constitución/certificate of
incorporation: the licence or incorporation
deed issued by a state to the shareholders
of a corporation.
certificado de depósito/certificate of
deposit: a negotiable receipt payable to the
depositor for funds deposited in a bank.
certificado de origen/certificate of origin:
certificate stating that the merchandise
purchased in a foreign country have been
indeed manufactured in such country.
cesación del trabajo/ layoff: a temporary
and indefinite interruption of work due to
a sluggish performance of the market, or
to any other factor outside the worker´s
control.
cheque de gerencia/cashier´s check: a check
from the bank itself, signed by a bank official
becoming a direct obligation of the bank.
ciclo contable/ accounting cycle: accounting
activities during an accounting period from
its beginning until its termination, usually
a year.
ciclo económico/business cycle: any time
period with alternate periods of economic
prosperity and7or depression.
cliente/customer: a person or organization
purchasing something.
cobertura/ hedging: commercial strategy
to avoid losses resulting from price
fluctuations in the products. The hedging
balnces a present purchase or sale with a fa
similar operation at a future date.
comerciante, operador independiente/
dealer: a person or company spliting
merchandises or services into smaller units
to be commercialized among customers.