Page 501 - diccionario

SPANISH GRAMMAR / GRAMÁTICA ESPAÑOLA
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* In English there is only one verb for ´to know´ whilst Spanish has saber (´to have knowledge of, be aware of, be able to do something´).
¿Conoces a mi hermano? not ¿Sabes a mi hermano?
¿Saben leer? not ¿Conocen leer?
* Prepositions ín, on, at, to, by´etc are used quite differently in English and Spanish and it is quite common for English-speakers to use the wrong
one. For complete details, you’ll have to get hold of a comprehensive grammar book, though listening to what native speakers say is generally
the best way to pick these usages up.
mañana voy a ir de viaje a Granada not mañana voy a ir de viaje en Granada
PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns
The English singular ´you´has two forms in Spanish –tú, which is generally used in familiar and informal situations and -usted, which is a more formal
term. Tú is by far the most commonly used today and you should generally avoid the use usted un-less you find yourself in a highly formal situation or
wish to show your respect to someone much older than yourself. As a more general rule, you should respond in the same form that you are addressed in.
I
you
you
she/it
he/it
yo
tú (sg, inf)
usted (sg, polite)
ella
él
we
you
you
they
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
ustedes (pl, polite)
ellas/ellos
You’ll find that the subject pronoun is usually omitted in Spanish, because the subject is understood from the verb conjugation and the corresponding
ending.
I´m traveling to Europe Viajo a Europa
We speak some Spanish Hablamos un poco de castellano
If there is a chance of ambiguity the subject pronouns should be included.
Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns are used in Spanish to refer to people as “him”, “them”, etc.
me Me us Nos
you te (sg, inf) you os (pl, inf)
her, it, you la (polite) them, you las, los (polite)
him, it, you lo (polite)
I don’t now him. Can you see me? No lo conozco.
¿Me ves?
Indirect objects are used to describe “to him”, “to them”, etc.
to me Me to us Nos
to you te (sg, inf) to you os (pl, inf)
to her, him, Le to them Les
to you le (polite) to you les (pl, polite)
I´m talking to her. Le hablo.
I´m writing them a letter. Les escribo una carta.